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Melicope pseudoanisata

(Rock) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone (1989)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Sapindales Family: Rutaceae Genus: Melicope

alani, alani kuahiwi

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs or small trees 2–7 m tall, all parts with a strong anise odor, new growth densely minutely yellowish brown to whitish appressed puberulent and with somewhat of a waxy scurf, soon glabrate.

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite. Blades elliptic to broadly elliptic, oblong–elliptic, or occasionally some of them elliptic–obovate, 4–33 cm long, 2–11.5 cm wide. Apex rounded and ± emarginate or acute. Base cuneate. Surfaces glabrate, except midrib on lower surfaces persistently somewhat appressed hirtellous, or lower surfaces also with scattered hairs; blades chartaceous to subcoriaceous. Margins entire flat to strongly revolute. Primary lateral veins usually 15–20 pairs, prominent, slightly upcurved distally, connected by a strongly arched vein 2–8 mm from margin, venation pinnate, lateral veins connected by an arched submarginal vein, higher order venation forming a reticulate pattern. Petioles 15–50 mm long. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers 1–3 in minutely puberulent, but soon glabrate, axillary cymes 1.6–4 cm long, sometimes arising on stems below leaves, peduncles 5–25 mm long, pedicels usually 15–25 mm long, bracteoles subulate, puberulent, bracts small, opposite. Flowers bisexual (perfect) or functionally unisexual (and then plants monoecious). Calyx of 4 sepals; sepals imbricate, staminate flowers with sepals deltate, 4–4.5 mm long, ca. 4 mm wide, glabrous, pistillate flowers with sepals ovate, 3–4 mm long, glabrous, apex acute. Corolla of 4 petals, valvate, staminate flowers petals oblong–deltate to narrowly deltate, 8–15 mm long, ca. 5 mm wide, pistillate flowers petals greenish yellow to reddish, oblong–deltate to narrowly deltate, 6–10 mm long, ca. 3.8 mm wide. Stamens 8, in 2 whorls, distinct, reduced but always present in functionally pistillate flowers, pistillate flowers Stamens rudimentary. Ovary superior, 4-celled and 4-lobed, carpels connate, only slightly distinct at apex to almost entirely distinct; ovules 2 per cell, hemitropous, 1 ascending; style 1, terminating in 4 short stigmatic branches, staminate flowers nectary disk and rudimentary ovary glabrous; style slender, 3–5 mm long, pistillate flowers nectary disk and ovary glabrous; style slender, ca. 6 mm long, often exserted.

Fruit: Capsules 28–50 mm wide; carpels connate ca. ⅓–½ their length; 13–24 mm long; usually strongly reflexed; exocarp and endocarp glabrous. the carpels dehiscing along the upper suture; exocarp. Seeds 1–2 per carpel; 7–9 mm long. glossy black when ripe; crustaceous; ovoid; sometimes angled from compression; embryo straight in fleshy endosperm; radicle short; cotyledons compressed; ovate; putamen brown; warty.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Occurring in mesic to wet forest.

Elevation Range: 740–1,460 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Maui Endemic
Hawai'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Taxon 38: 121 (1989)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1200 (H [as Pelea pseudoanisata]); Hartley & Stone 1989:121 (COMBNOV, Syn. P. pseudoanisata = M. pseudoanisata); Wagner, Herbst & Lorence 2005– (EM; accessed Oct 2022)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Melicope pseudoanisata South Hilo District: Kulani Project Closed Metrosideros forest with mixed native understory including Pelea sp., Myrsine, Ilex, and Coprosma. Preserved_Specimen Davis, J. 461 Hawaii BISH 1981-02-20
2 Melicope pseudoanisata Kulani Project, S. Hilo District Growing with Alyxia vines in closed Metrosideros forest with mixed native understory including Pelea spp. Myrsine, Ilex, and Cporosma. Preserved_Specimen Davis, J. 459 Hawaii BISH 1981-02-20
3 Melicope pseudoanisata Kipuka Pualulu, Hawaii Nat'l Park, S Puna, Kilauea Dryland forest Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 3017 Hawaii BISH 1959-08-01
4 Melicope pseudoanisata Drive up Kulani Prison Road about 10.3 miles toward Kulani Prison from intersection with Kona-Hilo Highway near Hilo; up Kulani Prison Road 5.3 miles towards Kulani Prison from intersection with Volcano Road; Metrosideros - Cibotium forest community Preserved_Specimen Newell, C.L. 709 Hawaii BISH 1966-09-01
5 Melicope pseudoanisata Kipuka Puaulu, Kilauea Dry open forest Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 8585 Hawaii BISH 1929-07-09
6 Melicope pseudoanisata Kilauea, Kipuka Puaulu Open glade in kipuka Preserved_Specimen MacDaniels, L.H. 218 Hawaii BISH 1926-11-10
7 Melicope pseudoanisata Hawaii National Park, Bird Park Open woods Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 11257 Hawaii BISH 1931-12-22
8 Melicope pseudoanisata Kipuka Pualulu, Kilauea In kipuka in open grassy woods. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 8489 Hawaii BISH 1929-07-09
9 Melicope pseudoanisata Glenwood, NW of 27 milepost In wet jungle Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 8496 Hawaii BISH 1930-01-03
10 Melicope pseudoanisata Keauhou Ranch, Kau District Growing in a closed Acacia - Metrosideros forest with a well developed Myoporum - Myrsine sublayer and an herbaceous layer of bunch grasses. Preserved_Specimen Clarke, G. 544 Hawaii BISH 1980-10-30
11 Melicope pseudoanisata Bird Park, Hawaii Nat'l Park Open woods. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 11262 Hawaii BISH 1931-12-22
12 Melicope pseudoanisata Keauhou Ranch, Kau District Growing in disturbed Metrosideros-Acacia koa-Cibotium forest with ground cover of native ferns. Preserved_Specimen Cuddihy, L.W. 596 Hawaii BISH 1980-11-01
13 Melicope pseudoanisata Laupahoehoe Section of Hilo Forest Reserve, North Hilo District between Blair Road & Kaiwilahilahi Stream In open 'ohi'a forest with understory of hapu'u and native trees. Preserved_Specimen Cuddihy, L.W. 960 Hawaii BISH 1982-02-02
14 Melicope pseudoanisata At end of Route 148A, northeast of Kilauea Dense forest Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 27581 Hawaii BISH 1961-07-13
15 Melicope pseudoanisata Kulani Road about 4 mi makai of camp Rainforest Preserved_Specimen Greenwell, A.B.H. 20649 Hawaii BISH 1950-04-12
16 Melicope pseudoanisata S of Saddle Rd. about 10.5 mi below hunter cabin at Puu Huluhulu In kipuka, closed canopied Metrosideros-Acacia forest with Cibotium, Cheirodendron trigynum, Myrsine lessertiana and M. sandwicensis. Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 4667 Hawaii BISH 1982-11-17
17 Melicope pseudoanisata Laupahoehoe Section of Hilo Forest Reserve, (RL#4 3900' dist.) In open `ohi`a forest with Perrottetia, Psychotria, Pisonia, Cheirodendron, Antidesma, Gouldia, Cyanea, and Cyrtandra. Preserved_Specimen Clarke, G. 699 Hawaii BISH 1982-02-11
18 Melicope pseudoanisata S Hilo District, Paukaa AHU; Tr 21(118); E slope of Mauna Ke'a, along Pohakupaa stream Wet Koa- Ohia forest with other native trees and a tree fern, native shrub understory Preserved_Specimen Warshauer, F.R. 1410 Hawaii BISH 1977-09-13
19 Melicope pseudoanisata Kohala Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8306 Hawaii BISH 1910-06-01
20 Melicope pseudoanisata Drive up Kulani Prison Road about 10.3 miles toward Kulani Prison from intersection with Kona-Hilo Highway near Hilo; up Kulani Prison Road 5.3 miles towards Kulani Prison from intersection with Volcano Road; Metrosideros - Cibotium forest community Preserved_Specimen Newell, C.L. 710 Hawaii BISH 1966-09-01
21 Melicope pseudoanisata Drive up Kulani Prison Road about 10.3 miles toward Kulani Prison from intersection with Kona-Hilo Highway near Hilo; up Kulani Prison Road 5.3 miles towards Kulani Prison from intersection with Volcano Road; Metrosideros - Cibotium forest community Preserved_Specimen Newell, C.L. 714 Hawaii BISH 1966-09-01
22 Melicope pseudoanisata Near Kulani Prison Road In dense forest Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 21798 Hawaii BISH 1952-02-05
23 Melicope pseudoanisata Glenwood, NW of 27 milepost Along pig-hunter's trail in wet jungle. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 8493 Hawaii BISH 1930-01-03
24 Melicope pseudoanisata Kohala Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8306 Hawaii BISH 1910-06-01
25 Melicope pseudoanisata Kohala Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8306 Hawaii BISH 1910-06-01
26 Melicope pseudoanisata Kawainui, Alakahi, along the ditch Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 4455 Hawaii BISH 1909-07-13
27 Melicope pseudoanisata Kawainui, Alakahi, along the ditch Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 445581 Hawaii BISH 1909-07-13
28 Melicope pseudoanisata Kapapala, Kau Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 399 Hawaii BISH 1911-08-07
29 Melicope pseudoanisata Kulani Road about 4 mi makai of camp Rainforest Preserved_Specimen Greenwell, A.B.H. 20649 Hawaii BISH 1950-04-12
30 Melicope pseudoanisata Puna District, Volcano Village Dump `Ohi`a-fern wet forest. Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5983 Hawaii BISH 1988-03-13
31 Melicope pseudoanisata Kulani Project, S Hilo District Closed Metrosideros forest with mixed native understory including Myrsine, Ilex, and Coprosma Preserved_Specimen Davis, J. 461 Hawaii BISH 1981-02-20
32 Melicope pseudoanisata Laupahoehoe Section of Hilo Forest Reserve, North Hilo District, between Blair Rd. & Kaiwilahilahi Stream Rooted on a fallen log in open 'ohi'a forest with an understory of hapu'u and native trees. Preserved_Specimen Cuddihy, L.W. 959 Hawaii BISH 1982-02-02
33 Melicope pseudoanisata Laupahoehoe Section of Hilo Forest Reserve In open to closed Metrosideros forest. Preserved_Specimen Clarke, G. 661 Hawaii BISH 1982-02-02
34 Melicope pseudoanisata Glenwood, NW of 27 milepost In wet jungle Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 8495 Hawaii BISH 1930-01-03
35 Melicope pseudoanisata Hawaii National Park, Bird Park Open woods Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 11257 Hawaii BISH 1931-12-22
36 Melicope pseudoanisata Wright Road, Olaa Forest Reserve, Puna District Virgin Cibotium glaucum-Metrosideros forest Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 25068 Hawaii BISH 1953-01-29
37 Melicope pseudoanisata S Kohala District, Puu Kapu ahupuaa, TR 79(23); Kohala Mts; 0.5 km NWof Puu Opaeloa, 0.7 km NW of Kawainui Stream Wet `ohi`a forest with other native trees and a treefern and native shrub understory. Preserved_Specimen Jacobi, J.D. 1360 Hawaii BISH 1979-07-31
38 Melicope pseudoanisata Keauhou Ranch, Kau District, in Kipuka Ki near HVNP boundary Growing in open Metrosideros forest on aa substrate. Preserved_Specimen Cuddihy, L.W. 126 Hawaii BISH 1979-09-20
39 Melicope pseudoanisata Keauhou Ranch, Kau Distr., between Puu Oo trail and Kilauea Forest In disturbed Metrosideros forest with fresh logging skid trails nearby. Preserved_Specimen Cuddihy, L.W. 542 Hawaii BISH 1980-08-19
40 Melicope pseudoanisata Drive up Kulani Prison Road about 10.3 miles toward Kulani Prison from intersection with Kona-Hilo Highway near Hilo; up Kulani Prison Road 5.3 miles towards Kulani Prison from intersection with Volcano Road; Metrosideros - Cibotium forest community Preserved_Specimen Newell, C.L. 712 Hawaii BISH 1966-09-01
41 Melicope pseudoanisata Kohala Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8306 Hawaii BISH 1910-06-01
42 Melicope pseudoanisata Summit of Kohala Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8306 Hawaii BISH 1910-06-01
43 Melicope pseudoanisata Kohala Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8306 Hawaii BISH 1910-06-01
44 Melicope pseudoanisata Kapapala, Kau Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 399 Hawaii BISH 1911-08-07
45 Melicope pseudoanisata Kohala Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8306 Hawaii BISH 1910-06-01
46 Melicope pseudoanisata Kawainui, Alakahi, along the ditch Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 445581 Hawaii BISH 1909-07-13
47 Melicope pseudoanisata Kohala Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8306 Hawaii BISH 1910-06-01
48 Melicope pseudoanisata Kawainui, Alakahi, along the ditch Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 445581 Hawaii BISH 1909-07-13
49 Melicope pseudoanisata Trail between Halelouolu(?) and Wailuku River Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 711 Hawaii BISH 1915-06-05
50 Melicope pseudoanisata Kohala Mts. above Waimea Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 728 Hawaii BISH 1922-09-29
51 Melicope pseudoanisata Kawainui, Alakahi, along the ditch Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 445581 Hawaii BISH 1909-07-13
52 Melicope pseudoanisata Kipuka Puaulu Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 11262 Hawaii BISH 1931-12-22
53 Melicope pseudoanisata Kawainui, Alakahi, along the ditch Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 445581 Hawaii BISH 1909-07-13
54 Melicope pseudoanisata Kipuka Puaulu, Hawaii Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 11249 Hawaii BISH 1931-12-22
55 Melicope pseudoanisata Kawainui, Alakahi, along the ditch Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 445582 Hawaii BISH 1909-07-13
56 Melicope pseudoanisata Kohala Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8306 Hawaii BISH 1910-06-01
57 Melicope pseudoanisata Kipuka Puaulu Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 13035 Hawaii BISH 1917-08-01
58 Melicope pseudoanisata Kohala Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8306 Hawaii BISH 1910-06-01
59 Melicope pseudoanisata Kipuka Puaulu Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Hawaii BISH 1918-07-01
60 Melicope pseudoanisata Kilauea Volcano Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Hawaii BISH 1908-09-01
61 Melicope pseudoanisata Kulani forest Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Hawaii BISH 1918-08-01
62 Melicope pseudoanisata Keauhou Ranch, Kau District in Kipuka Ki near Hawaii Volcanoes National Park boundary Growing at base of Metrosideros tree in open Metrosideros forest on aa substrate. Preserved_Specimen Cuddihy, L.W. 579 Hawaii BISH 1980-09-24
63 Melicope pseudoanisata Kilauea Forest, Kau District In closed Acacia koa-Metrosideros-Cibotium forest. Preserved_Specimen Cuddihy, L.W. 661 Hawaii BISH 1980-10-31
64 Melicope pseudoanisata Koolau Forest Reserve, Nahiku, Kuhiwa Trail Wet woods Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 17954 Maui BISH 1937-01-02
65 Melicope pseudoanisata Glenwood, NW of 27 milepost In wet jungle Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 8495 Hawaii BISH 1930-01-03
66 Melicope pseudoanisata S Hilo District, Paukaa AHU; Tr 21(118); E slope of Mauna Ke'a, along Pohakupaa Wet Koa- Ohia forest with other native trees and a tree fern, native shrub understory Preserved_Specimen Warshauer, F.R. 1409 Hawaii BISH 1977-09-13
67 Melicope pseudoanisata Drive up Kulani Prison Road about 10.3 miles toward Kulani Prison from intersection with Kona-Hilo Highway near Hilo; up Kulani Prison Road 5.3 miles towards Kulani Prison from intersection with Volcano Road; Metrosideros - Cibotium forest community Preserved_Specimen Newell, C.L. 711 Hawaii BISH 1966-09-01
68 Melicope pseudoanisata Puna ahupuaa, Puna District, Tr 40(2); S of Eden Rock Estates and NW of Kalalua and 1963 lava flow Wet `ohi`a forest with other native trees and a treefern and native shrub understory. Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 3801 Hawaii BISH 1979-05-27
69 Melicope pseudoanisata Kipuka Pualulu, Hawaii Nat'l Park, S Puna, Kilauea Dryland forest Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 3073 Hawaii BISH 1959-08-01
70 Melicope pseudoanisata Puna District, Olaa ahupuaa, Tr 32(89); E slopes of Mauna Loa, Olaa Forest Reserve, N of Hwy 11, NE of Volcano Village Wet `ohi`a forest with other native trees and a treefern and native shrub understory. Preserved_Specimen Warshauer, F.R. 1252 Hawaii BISH 1977-07-23
71 Melicope pseudoanisata Glenwood, NW of 27 milepost In wet jungle Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 8494 Hawaii BISH 1930-01-03
72 Melicope pseudoanisata Puna District, Olaa ahupuaa, Tr 32(89); E slopes of Mauna Loa, Olaa Forest Reserve, N of Hwy 11, NE of Volcano Village Wet `ohi`a forest with other native trees and a treefern and native shrub understory. Preserved_Specimen Warshauer, F.R. 1251 Hawaii BISH 1977-07-21
73 Melicope pseudoanisata Near Kulani Prison Road In dense forest Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 21771 Hawaii BISH 1952-02-03
74 Melicope pseudoanisata Olaa back road Closed Metrosideros forest with Cibotium understory Preserved_Specimen Horiuchi, H. Hawaii BISH 1980-02-07
75 Melicope pseudoanisata Puu Ahia, Kawaikae, Kohala Mts Wet forest Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 11481 Hawaii BISH 1932-01-02
76 Melicope pseudoanisata Kau District, Keauhou ahupuaa, Tr 32(53); E slopes of Mauna Loa, Kilauea Forest Reserve, SE of rain shed Mesic `ohi`a forest with other native trees and native shrub-exotic grass and shrub understory. Growing on `a`a substrate. Preserved_Specimen Warshauer, F.R. 1245 Hawaii BISH 1977-07-21
77 Melicope pseudoanisata Keauhou Ranch, Kau District, between Puu Oo Trail and Kilauea Forest Growing in disturbed Metrosideros forest. Preserved_Specimen Cuddihy, L.W. 543 Hawaii BISH 1980-08-19
78 Melicope pseudoanisata Drive up Kulani Prison Road about 10.3 miles toward Kulani Prison from intersection with Kona-Hilo Highway near Hilo; up Kulani Prison Road 5.3 miles towards Kulani Prison from intersection with Volcano Road; Metrosideros - Cibotium forest community Preserved_Specimen Newell, C.L. 713 Hawaii BISH 1966-09-01
79 Melicope pseudoanisata Hawaii National Park, Bird Park Open woods Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 11257 Hawaii BISH 1931-12-22
80 Melicope pseudoanisata Keauhou Ranch, Kau District, in Kipuka Ki near HVNP boundary Growing in open Metrosideros forest on aa substrate. Preserved_Specimen Anderson, S.J. 404 Hawaii BISH 1980-09-24
81 Melicope pseudoanisata Keauhou Ranch. TK-U at 2100 ft. distance. disturbed Acacia-Metrosideros forest, Cibotium & other ferns, and frequent Clermontia hawaiiensis. Preserved_Specimen Davis, J. 205 Hawaii BISH 1980-01-29
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